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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Best known for his wartime leadership as Prime Minister, Churchill was also a Sandhurst-educated soldier, a Nobel Prize-winning writer and historian, a prolific painter, and one of the longest-serving politicians in British history. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, though he was a member of the Liberal Party
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dbp:deathPlace
Kensington, London, England
dbo:deathDate
1965-01-24
dbp:birthPlace
dbr:England dbr:Blenheim,_Oxfordshire
dbo:birthDate
1874-11-30
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Churchill, aged 67, wearing a suit, standing and holding into the back of a chair
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1874-11-30
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Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
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Territorial Army
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The Roaring Lion, a portrait by Yousuf Karsh at the Canadian Parliament, December 1941
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Churchill, Winston S. 879
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1955-04-05 1945-07-26
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1940-05-10 1951-10-26
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1919 1917 1953 1959 1964 1921 1924 1929 1939 1940 1941 1945 1951 1949 1900 1906 1905 1910 1911 1908 1914 1915
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Gilbert Jenkins Best Addison Rhodes James Moritz, Jr. Haffner
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256 434 433 429 51 62 63 37 32 33 22 23 16 31 29 4 2 1 123 121 100 101 105 86 90 91 89 69 78 79 183 176 177 165 160 174 175 171 154 133 139 242 243 249 226 227 224 239 212 211 222 219 195 204 205 200 201
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1970 1980 1958 2001 2003 1991
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Larsen Gilbert Best Toye Jenkins Addison Bell Douglas Haffner Reagles
dbp:2p
309 286 276 374 336 420 411 403 406 405 489 465 459 462 62 61 50 47 27 28 19 22 20 21 10 8 9 12 3 7 105 109 103 100 88 81 84 178 181 174 175 167 164 150 151 140 130 233 211 215 212 203 207 205 194 195 198 861
dbp:2y
1991 2005 2007 2001 2003 2013 2009 2011
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Reagles Robbins Larsen Ball Jordan Jenkins Addison Bell Haffner
dbp:3pp
273 382 32 14 21 70 233 250 255261
dbp:3y
1995 2011 2013 2014 2001 2003 2005
dbp:deputy
Anthony Eden Clement Attlee
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St Martin's Church, Bladon, Oxfordshire, England
dbp:signature
Sir Winston Churchill signature.svg
dbo:abstract
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, during the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Best known for his wartime leadership as Prime Minister, Churchill was also a Sandhurst-educated soldier, a Nobel Prize-winning writer and historian, a prolific painter, and one of the longest-serving politicians in British history. Apart from two years between 1922 and 1924, he was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, which he led from 1940 to 1955, though he was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924. Of mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire to a wealthy, aristocratic family. He joined the British Army in 1895 and saw action in British India, the Anglo-Sudan War, and the Second Boer War, gaining fame as a war correspondent and writing books about his campaigns. Elected a Conservative MP in 1900, he defected to the Liberals in 1904. In H. H. Asquith's Liberal government, Churchill served as President of the Board of Trade and Home Secretary, championing prison reform and workers' social security. As First Lord of the Admiralty during the First World War, he oversaw the Gallipoli Campaign but, after it proved a disaster, he was demoted to Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. He resigned in November 1915 and joined the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front for six months. In 1917, he returned to government under David Lloyd George and served successively as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, and Secretary of State for the Colonies, overseeing the Anglo-Irish Treaty and British foreign policy in the Middle East. After two years out of Parliament, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government, returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure and depressing the UK economy. Out of government during his so-called "wilderness years" in the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in calling for British rearmament to counter the growing threat of militarism in Nazi Germany. At the outbreak of the Second World War he was re-appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. In May 1940, he became Prime Minister, replacing Neville Chamberlain. Churchill oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945. After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1945 general election, he became Leader of the Opposition. Amid the developing Cold War with the Soviet Union, he publicly warned of an "iron curtain" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity. He lost the 1950 election, but was returned to office the following year in the 1951 election. His second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, especially Anglo-American relations and the preservation of the British Empire. Domestically, his government emphasised house-building and completed the development of a nuclear weapon (begun by his predecessor). In declining health, Churchill resigned as Prime Minister in 1955, although he remained an MP until 1964. Upon his death in 1965, he received a state funeral. Widely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Churchill remains popular in the UK and Western world, where he is seen as a victorious wartime leader who played an important role in defending Europe's liberal democracy against the spread of fascism. He is also praised as a social reformer. However, he has been criticised for some wartime events – notably the 1945 bombing of Dresden – and also for his imperialist views, including comments on race.
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Sir Winston Churchill signature.svg
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Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
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