. . . . "Governor-Generalship of the Steppes"@en . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D, \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044C!"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Emblem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"@en . . . . "Ivan Silayevf"@en . . . . "RU"@en . "1917"^^ . . . . . "Union Republic"@en . . "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430, tr. Ross\u00EDyskaya Sov\u00E9tskaya Federat\u00EDvnaya Socialist\u00ED\u010Deskaya Resp\u00FAblika, IPA: [r\u0250\u02C8s\u02B2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 s\u0250\u02C8v\u02B2etsk\u0259j\u0259 f\u02B2\u026Ad\u02B2\u026Ar\u0250\u02C8t\u02B2ivn\u0259j\u0259 s\u0259ts\u0268\u0259l\u02B2\u026A\u02C8s\u02B2t\u02B2it\u0255\u026Ask\u0259j\u0259 r\u02B2\u026A\u02C8spubl\u02B2\u026Ak\u0259] ()), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia, the Russian Federation or simply Russia, was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level leg"@en . "Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic .svg"@en . . . "File:Rabotshaja-Marcelesa.ogg"@en . . "Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg"@en . . . . . . . . "Flag of Russia .svg"@en . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0440\u043E\u043B\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043D, \u0441\u043E\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043D\u044F\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044C!" . . . "1917"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Gosudarstvenny gimn SSSR"@en . . "1989"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Russian"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Seven Hero City awards"@en . . . . . . . . "October Revolution, Soviet Republic proclaimed"@en . . . . . . . . . "--01-19"^^ . "--05-29"^^ . . "Flag of Russia.svg"@en . . . "Belavezha Accords ratified"@en . . . . "Far Eastern Republic"@en . . . . ""@en . . . "1956"^^ . . . . . "Russian state"@en . . . . . . . "Tuvan People's Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . "531"^^ . "Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic1940"@en . . "1917-11-07"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . "\u041F\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043E\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u043F\u0435\u0441\u043D\u044F"@en . . . . . "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . "Lev Kamenevc"@en . . . . . . . "Russian Soviet Republic"@en . . . . . . "Karelo-Finnish SSR"@en . . . . "1991-12-26"^^ . . . . "the Russian SFSR"@en . . . . . . . . "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!"@en . . . . . "Served as acting head of government while President of Russia"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic"@en . "24795561"^^ . . . . . . . . "Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg"@en . . "66040"^^ . . "Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg"@en . . . "Russian SFSR renamed into the Russian Federation"@en . . . . . "1991"^^ . . . . . . . . "Russian"@en . "Vladimir Lenine"@en . . . "Soviet ruble h"@en . . . "Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"@en . . . "1993-12-25"^^ . . . . . . "State emblem"@en . . . "Remained the national anthem of Russia until 2000."@en . "Russia1991"@en . "147386000"^^ . . "Belarusian People's Republic"@en . . . . . . ""@en . . "1917"^^ . . . . . . . . "Rabochaya Marsel'yeza"@en . . . . . "File:Internationale-ru.ogg"@en . . "\u0413\u043E\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043D\u043D\u044B\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043C\u043D \u0421\u0421\u0421\u0420"@en . . . . . . . . . . "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"@en . "Flag of Russian SFSR.svg"@en . "The Russian SFSR within the Soviet Union between 1956 and 1991"@en . . . . . . . . "Boris Yeltsind"@en . . "Workers of the world, unite!" . . "Flag of Belarus .svg"@en . . . . . "1917"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Flagge Preu\u00DFen - Provinz Ostpreu\u00DFen.svg"@en . . . . . . . . . "As Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR"@en . . . . . . . "1917"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "the Russian SFSR"@en . . . . . "1990-06-12"^^ . "File:Soviet Anthem Instrumental 1955.ogg"@en . . "1052033180"^^ . . . . . . "Priority of Russian laws declared, partial cancellation of the Soviet form of government"@en . . "1922"^^ . . . "As Chairman of the VTsIK ."@en . . . . . . . . . . . . "Flag"@en . . . "1991-12-12"^^ . . "\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043E\u0447\u0430\u044F \u041C\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043B\u044C\u0435\u0437\u0430"@en . . "Russian Federation"@en . . . . "1991"^^ . . . . . . . . . . "Russianb"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ""@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Crimea transferred to the Ukrainian SSR"@en . . "Complete cancellation of the Soviet form of government"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "--11-07"^^ . . . "Workers of the world, unite!"@en . . . . "see Languages of Russia"@en . . "Internatsional"@en . . . . . . . . . . "\u0418\u043D\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043D\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043E\u043D\u0430\u043B"@en . . . "Flag of Far Eastern Republic.svg"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Russian Republic"@en . "17125200"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Soviet Union - Russian SFSR.svg"@en . "Russian Soviet Republic"@en . . "Emblem of the Russian SFSR.svg"@en . . . "Patrioticheskaya pesnya"@en . . . . . "1954-02-19"^^ . "Kuril Islands"@en . . "Karafuto Prefecture"@en . . . . . . . "1922-12-30"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'! (tr.)" . . . . "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1991-12-25"^^ . . . . . . . . "1917"^^ . . "1918"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . "Flag of Japan .svg"@en . . . . . . . . "Boris Yeltsing"@en . . . . "As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers \u2013 Government of the Russian SFSR"@en . . . . . "Chechen Republic of IchkeriaChechen Republic of Ichkeria"@en . "--12-26"^^ . . . . . . . "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "1990"^^ . "The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; Russian: \u0420\u043E\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0421\u043E\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0432\u043D\u0430\u044F \u0421\u043E\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043B\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043A\u0430\u044F \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043F\u0443\u0301\u0431\u043B\u0438\u043A\u0430, tr. Ross\u00EDyskaya Sov\u00E9tskaya Federat\u00EDvnaya Socialist\u00ED\u010Deskaya Resp\u00FAblika, IPA: [r\u0250\u02C8s\u02B2ijsk\u0259j\u0259 s\u0250\u02C8v\u02B2etsk\u0259j\u0259 f\u02B2\u026Ad\u02B2\u026Ar\u0250\u02C8t\u02B2ivn\u0259j\u0259 s\u0259ts\u0268\u0259l\u02B2\u026A\u02C8s\u02B2t\u02B2it\u0255\u026Ask\u0259j\u0259 r\u02B2\u026A\u02C8spubl\u02B2\u026Ak\u0259] ()), previously known as the Russian Soviet Republic and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially known as Soviet Russia, the Russian Federation or simply Russia, was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian Republic was composed of sixteen smaller constituent units of autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad, Stalingrad, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Gorky and Kuybishev. The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the \"perestroika\" restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s under General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed on 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state and the world's first constitutionally socialist state guided by communist ideology. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922, the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR officially setting up of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The 1977 Soviet Constitution stated that \"[a] Union Republic is a sovereign [...] state that has united [...] in the Union\" and \"each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR\". On 12 June 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty, established separation of powers (unlike in the Soviet form of government), established citizenship of Russia and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin (1931\u20132007), supported by the Democratic Russia pro-reform movement, was elected the first and only President of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the presidency of the Russian Federation. The August 1991 Soviet coup d'\u00E9tat attempt with the temporary brief internment of President Mikhail Gorbachev destabilised the Soviet Union. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states (i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as a loose confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet (the parliament of Russian SFSR); therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet Socialist Republics. On 25 December 1991, following the resignation of Gorbachev as President of the Soviet Union (and former General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union), the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. The next day after the lowering of the Soviet red flag from the top of the Kremlin Senate building of the Moscow Kremlin in Moscow, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of the Republics on 26 December, which by that time was the only functioning parliamentary chamber of the All-Union Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the several union republics). After the dissolution, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership and permanent membership on the Security Council, but originally excluding foreign debt and foreign assets of the USSR (also parts of the former Soviet Red Army and nuclear weapons remained under overall CIS command as ). The 1978 RSFSR Constitution was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new Russian Constitution, coming into effect on 25 December 1993 after a constitutional crisis, completely abolished the Soviet form of government and replaced it with a semi-presidential system."@en . . . . . . . . . "Taganrog"@en . . "East Prussia"@en . "1938"^^ . . . . . "Between 1917 and 1919 the imperial ruble lost its value in an attempt by the new government to abolish the money. It would be replaced that same year by the new Soviet ruble."@en . "1917"^^ . . . . . . "SUR"@en . . . . . . . "Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist RepublicKarelo-Finnish SSR"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "one-party socialist soviet republic"@en . . . "Belarusian People's Republic1918"@en . . . . . . . "1990"^^ . . "1991"^^ . . . . "1990"^^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Official language in the courts from 1937."@en . . . . . . . . . . . "The Patriotic Song"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "Federal semi-presidential republic"@en .