Phoenix ( FEE-niks; Navajo: Hoozdo; Spanish: Fénix or Fínix) is the capital and most populous city in Arizona, with 1,608,139 residents as of 2020. It is also the fifth-most populous city in the United States, the largest state capital by population, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents. The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s. This growth rate slowed during the Great Recession of 2007–09, and has rebounded slowly. Phoenix is the cultural center of the state of Arizona.